{"id":12714,"date":"2025-05-19T03:58:13","date_gmt":"2025-05-19T02:58:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/?page_id=12714"},"modified":"2025-05-19T04:19:31","modified_gmt":"2025-05-19T03:19:31","slug":"local-electrical-properties-of-polyaniline-zno-nanocomposite-langmuir-blodgett-thin-films-investigated-using-conductive-atomic-force-microscopy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/shodh-sari-2\/shodh-sari-vol-04-issue-02\/local-electrical-properties-of-polyaniline-zno-nanocomposite-langmuir-blodgett-thin-films-investigated-using-conductive-atomic-force-microscopy\/","title":{"rendered":"Local Electrical Properties of Polyaniline-ZnO Nanocomposite Langmuir- Blodgett Thin Films Investigated Using Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"12714\" class=\"elementor elementor-12714\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-473871c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"473871c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-41cc24c\" data-id=\"41cc24c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c619c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0c619c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Local Electrical Properties of Polyaniline-ZnO Nanocomposite Langmuir-Blodgett Thin Films Investigated Using Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b126cd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b126cd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Bhullar, Gurpreet Kaur<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">1<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> and Kaur, Ramneek<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">2<\/span><\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-de74bd65-7fff-c86c-0564-b751f9636786\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria, serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">1&amp;2<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria, serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">P.G. Department of Physics, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab<\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-01b3798 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"01b3798\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f9d496b\" data-id=\"f9d496b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-030a68c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"030a68c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" id=\"Shodh-Sari-v4-i2-22A\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Abstract<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-399a818 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"399a818\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">The localized electrical properties of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) thin films of polyaniline (PANi) dispersed with Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were investigated using Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy (CAFM). The nanoscale electrical conductivity of PANi-ZnO nanocomposites was analyzed by mapping current distribution and evaluating single-point current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. The CAFM results indicate a uniform charge transport network, reduced defect density, and enhanced conductivity in ZnO-incorporated films. The CAFM current mapping revealed a uniform distribution of conductive domains across the film surfaces, showing homogeneity of nanocomposite thin films. These insights contribute to the understanding of the electrical behavior of PANi-based nanocomposites, which holds promising potential for applications in electronic devices.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Keywords:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> Conductive AFM, Polyaniline-ZnO, Nanocomposite, Langmuir-Blodgett Film, Nanoscale Conductivity<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-58c9775 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"58c9775\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7aa971d\" data-id=\"7aa971d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e56137 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9e56137\" data-element_type=\"widget\" id=\"Shodh-Sari-v4-i2-22i\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Impact Statement<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfac8c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dfac8c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u201cLocal Electrical Properties of Polyaniline-ZnO Nanocomposite Langmuir-Blodgett Thin Films Investigated Using Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy\u201d<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">This study provides a significant contribution to the field of nanomaterials and thin film electronics by presenting a detailed nanoscale investigation of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) polyaniline-ZnO nanocomposite thin films using Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy (CAFM). The findings reveal enhanced charge transport, reduced defect density, and uniform current distribution, demonstrating how the integration of ZnO nanoparticles into PANi matrices can optimize electrical properties at the nanoscale. These insights bridge a critical gap between nanoscale structural analysis and macroscopic electronic performance, supporting the advancement of PANi-based nanocomposites for next-generation applications in flexible electronics, sensors, and nanoelectronic devices. The methodology and results pave the way for precise engineering of hybrid thin films with tailored conductivity, offering a foundational approach for future device integration in emerging technologies.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d8047f8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d8047f8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fea355c\" data-id=\"fea355c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ccb027 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1ccb027\" data-element_type=\"widget\" id=\"Shodh-Sari-v4-i2-22Aa\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">About The Author<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1197e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1197e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Dr. Gurpreet Kaur Bhullar<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Physics at Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab. She earned her Ph.D. in Physics from Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala. Her research primarily focuses on condensed matter physics, nanotechnology, and the fabrication and characterization of Langmuir\u2013Blodgett thin films. Dr. Bhullar has published more than 20 research articles and contributed book chapters and conference papers, making significant contributions to the field of polymer metal oxide nanocomposites and liquid craystals. She has hands-on experience with various research instruments, including Atomic Force Microscopes (AFM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometers (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM), and UV-Visible\u00a0 Spectrophotometers, among others. Additionally, Dr. Bhullar is a member of the Materials Research Society, USA. Her academic journey includes serving as a Junior and Senior Research Fellow at Thapar University, Patiala. She has received awards, including the MRSI Prize and the Diwan Jawaharlal Nayer Memorial Prize, for her presentations. Dr. Bhullar also received travel grants from DST and CICS.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 14pt; margin-bottom: 14pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Dr. Ramneek Kaur<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> holds an M.Sc. in Physics and a Ph.D. in Nanotechnology, and currently serves as an Assistant Professor at Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib. Her research lies at the intersection of advanced nanomaterials and thin-film technology, with a particular focus on Langmuir\u2013Blodgett (LB) films, ferroelectric liquid crystals, and nanocomposites. She has made significant contributions to the development of hybrid nanostructures using carbon nanotubes, polyaniline\u2013TiO\u2082 systems, and other polymeric matrices to enhance material properties for electronic and optoelectronic applications.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 14pt; margin-bottom: 14pt;\"><span style=\"background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Dr. Kaur&#8217;s work emphasizes both fundamental material science and applied nanotechnology, using characterization techniques like Atomic Force Microscopy and spectroscopy to explore structure-property relationships. Her research is published in reputed journals such as Liquid Crystals and Journal of Applied Polymer Science, with over 100 citations reflecting her growing influence in the field. She continues to explore novel nanomaterial platforms with potential real-world applications in sensors, energy storage, and flexible electronics.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4a5b04c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4a5b04c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-343fb72\" data-id=\"343fb72\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b69b439 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b69b439\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">References<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe8424f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fe8424f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><ol style=\"margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;\"><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Bhullar, G. K., Kaur, R., &amp; Raina, K. K. (2013, June). Investigations on polyaniline\u2013TiO<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7.5pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> nanocomposite Langmuir Blodgett thin films. In <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">AIP Conference Proceedings<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">\u00a0(Vol. 1536, No. 1, pp. 491-492). American Institute of Physics.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Bhullar, G. K., Kaur, R., &amp; Raina, K. K. (2014). Electrical characterization of polyaniline-ZnO nanocomposite langmuir-blodgett thin film by conductive atomic force microscopy. In <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">MRS Spring Meeting Proceedings<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> p. 1668, mrss14-1668. Cambridge University Press.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Bhullar, G. K., Kaur, R., &amp; Raina, K. K. (2015a). Hybrid polyaniline\u2013TiO<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 7.5pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: sub;\">2<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> nanocomposite langmuir\u2013blodgett thin films: Self-assembly and their characterization. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Journal of Applied Polymer Science<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">132<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(5), 1\u20137. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/app.41386\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/app.41386<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Bhullar, G. K., Kaur, R., &amp; Raina, K. K. (2015b). Growth, morphology and electrical characterization of polyaniline-ZnO nanocomposite langmuir blodgett thin films. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Journal of Electronic Materials<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">44<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(10), 3422\u20133429. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11664-015-3868-4\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11664-015-3868-4<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Kaur, R., Bhullar, G. K., &amp; Raina, K. K. (2016). Effects of silver nanoparticles doping on morphology and luminescence behaviour of ferroelectric liquid crystals Langmuir\u2013Blodgett films. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Liquid Crystals<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">43<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">(12), 1760\u20131767. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02678292.2016.1200678\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02678292.2016.1200678<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"list-style-type: decimal; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre; margin-left: -18pt; padding-left: 3.25pt;\" aria-level=\"1\"><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt;\" role=\"presentation\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Kaur, R., Kaur, N., &amp; Bhullar, G. K. (2024). Advances in fabrication techniques for hybrid nanomaterials. In V. Khanna, P. Sharma, &amp; P. Mahajan (Eds.), <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Innovations and applications of hybrid nanomaterials<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> (pp. 16\u201338). IGI Global. <\/span><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/979-8-3693-3268-9.ch002\"><span style=\"font-size: 11pt; font-family: Cambria,serif; color: #0000ff; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/979-8-3693-3268-9.ch002<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a24c8fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a24c8fd\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cd46d12\" data-id=\"cd46d12\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Local Electrical Properties of Polyaniline-ZnO Nanocomposite Langmuir-Blodgett Thin Films Investigated Using Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy Bhullar, Gurpreet Kaur1 and Kaur, Ramneek2 1&amp;2P.G. Department of Physics, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab Abstract The localized electrical properties of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) thin films of polyaniline (PANi) dispersed with Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were investigated using Conductive Atomic [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":11637,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12714","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12714","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12714"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12714\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12730,"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12714\/revisions\/12730"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11637"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12714"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}