{"id":14943,"date":"2025-08-01T03:24:03","date_gmt":"2025-08-01T02:24:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/?page_id=14943"},"modified":"2025-08-02T18:17:45","modified_gmt":"2025-08-02T17:17:45","slug":"the-intersection-of-social-identity-normative-influence-and-political-efficacy-a-literature-review-of-cambodian-youth-in-national-elections","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/edu-mania\/edumania-an-international-multidisciplinary-journal-vol-03-issue-3\/the-intersection-of-social-identity-normative-influence-and-political-efficacy-a-literature-review-of-cambodian-youth-in-national-elections\/","title":{"rendered":"The intersection of social identity, normative influence, and political efficacy: A literature review of Cambodian youth in national elections"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

The intersection of social identity, normative influence, and political efficacy: A literature review of Cambodian youth in national elections<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Huot, Sovanna<\/span><\/p>

University of Delhi, New Delhi, India<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
Abstract\n<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

This conceptual review examines how social identity and normative influence intersect with political efficacy to shape Cambodian youth\u2019s engagement in national elections. Drawing from social psychology and political science, the paper explores how group affiliations, such as ethnic, political, and generational identities, interact with normative pressures from families, peers, and communities to influence both internal efficacy, confidence in understanding politics, and external efficacy, belief in institutional responsiveness. The findings indicate that youth embedded in politically active networks or aligned with activist movements exhibit stronger political efficacy and greater engagement, while those in disengaged environments often show apathy and reduced participation. These insights carry critical implications for Cambodia\u2019s democratic trajectory. Fostering youth political participation requires more than information, it demands the cultivation of collective democratic identities and supportive social norms. Civic education must engage families and local communities, while youth organizations should leverage peer influence and digital platforms to foster inclusive, participatory spaces. Future research should include longitudinal studies to examine how political efficacy evolves over time, comparative analyses across Southeast Asia, and focused inquiries into rural\u2013urban disparities and the role of online political communities. Ultimately, this review offers a framework for understanding and enhancing youth political engagement in Cambodia, contributing to broader efforts to sustain democratic development in post-authoritarian societies.<\/span><\/p>

Keywords:<\/span> Social identity, normative influence, political efficacy, youth political engagement, Cambodia, political behaviours\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
Impact Statement\n<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

This literature review highlights how the interplay of social identity, normative influence, and political efficacy shapes the electoral behavior of Cambodian youth. By synthesizing existing research, it reveals that youth’s sense of belonging to specific social groups (social identity), their susceptibility to peer and community pressure (normative influence), and their belief in their ability to effect change (political efficacy) are critical factors in their participation in national elections. The findings underscore the need for targeted civic education programs and political engagement initiatives that acknowledge these dynamics to foster more meaningful and informed youth participation in Cambodia’s democratic process. This review, therefore, provides a valuable framework for policymakers, educators, and civil society organizations seeking to empower young voters and strengthen democratic institutions in Cambodia.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
About Author<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Sovanna HUOT, Sovanna HUOT is a certified English teacher and currently serves as Vice Principal at a government-recognized high school in Cambodia. He completed a two-year teacher training program (2010\u20132012) and holds bachelor\u2019s degrees in English and Educational Administration. He earned master\u2019s degrees in law and TEFL with scholarships, followed by a Master of Education in School Leadership, specialized in Professional Degree of Upper Secondary School Principal from the National Institute of Education (2021), Phnom Penh, Capital City of Kingdom of Cambodia. In 2022, he was awarded an ICCR scholarship to pursue a PhD in Political Science at University of Delhi, India. His research focuses on innovative education and technology integration within glonacal contexts.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
References\n<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\u00a0<\/p>

  1. Abrams, D. E., & Hogg, M. A. (1990). <\/span>Social identity theory: Constructive and critical advances<\/span>. Springer-Verlag Publishing.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  2. Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. <\/span>Academy of Management Review<\/span>, <\/span>14<\/span>(1), 20\u201339. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/258189<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  3. Calhoun, C. (1994). <\/span>Social theory and the politics of identity<\/span>. Wiley-Blackwell.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  4. Campbell, A., & Converse, P. E. (1972). <\/span>The human meaning of social change<\/span>. Russell Sage Foundation.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  5. Campbell, A., & Miller, W. E. (1954). <\/span>The voter decides<\/span>. Row, Peterson.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  6. Chheang, V. (2011). <\/span>The political economy of heritage tourism in Cambodia: Triangular perceptions perspective<\/span>. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  7. Clarke, H. D., & Acock, A. C. (1989). National elections and political attitudes: The case of political efficacy. <\/span>British Journal of Political Science<\/span>, <\/span>19<\/span>(4), 551\u2013562. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007123400005639<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  8. Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. <\/span>Psychological Bulletin<\/span>, <\/span>98<\/span>(2), 310\u2013357. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.98.2.310<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  9. Coleman, J. S. (1990). Commentary: Social institutions and social theory. <\/span>American Sociological Review<\/span>, <\/span>55<\/span>(3), 333\u2013339. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2095759<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  10. Craig, S. C., & Maggiotto, M. A. (1982). Measuring political efficacy. <\/span>Political Methodology<\/span>, 85\u2013109. https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/25791157<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  11. Craig, S. C., Niemi, R. G., & Silver, G. E. (1990). Political efficacy and trust: A report on the NES pilot study items. <\/span>Political Behavior<\/span>, <\/span>12<\/span>(3), 289\u2013314. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00992337<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  12. Finkel, S. E. (1985). Reciprocal effects of participation and political efficacy: A panel Analysis. <\/span>American Journal of Political Science<\/span>, <\/span>29<\/span>(4), 891\u2013913. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2111186<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  13. Fukuyama, F. (2001). Social capital, civil society and development. <\/span>Third World Quarterly<\/span>, <\/span>22<\/span>(1), 7\u201320. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/713701144<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  14. Gamson, J., Calhoun, C., Larana, E., Johnston, H., & Gusfield, J. R. (1995). Social theory and the politics of identity. <\/span>Contemporary Sociology<\/span>, <\/span>24<\/span>(3), 294\u2013298. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2076467<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  15. Kiernan, B. (2002). <\/span>The Pol Pot regime: Race, power, and genocide in Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge, 1975\u201379<\/span>. Yale University Press.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  16. Niemi, R. G., Craig, S. C., & Mattei, F. (1991). Measuring internal political efficacy in the 1988 national election study. <\/span>American Political Science Review<\/span>, <\/span>85<\/span>(4), 1407\u20131413. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1963953<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  17. Putnam, R. D. (1993). <\/span>Making democracy work: Civic traditions in modern Italy<\/span>. Princeton University Press.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  18. Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. <\/span>The New York Review of Books<\/span>.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  19. Sani, M., & Azizuddin, M. (2009). The emergence of new politics in Malaysia from consociational to deliberative democracy. <\/span>Taiwan Journal of Democracy<\/span>, <\/span>5<\/span>(2), 97\u2013125. https:\/\/repo.uum.edu.my\/id\/eprint\/7257<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  20. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In M. J. Hatch & M. Schultz (Eds.), <\/span>Organizational identity: A reader<\/span> (pp. 56\u201365). Oxford University Press.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  21. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), <\/span>Psychology of intergroup relations<\/span>, <\/span>4<\/span>. Nelson-Hall Publishers.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  22. Tan, M. C. C., & Rajendran, C. (2020). Politics, performance, the contemporary and Southeast Asia. In M. C. C. Tan & C. Rajendran (Eds.), <\/span>Performing Southeast Asia: Performance, politics and the contemporary<\/span> (pp. 1\u201334). Palgrave Macmillan. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-34686-7_1<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  23. Tan, P. J. (2012). Anti-party attitudes in Southeast Asia: Clientelism and electoral competition in Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines. In D. Tomsa & A. Ufen (Eds.), <\/span>Party politics in Southeast Asia<\/span> (pp. 80\u2013100). Routledge. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780203080689<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  24. Un, K., & Ledgerwood, J. (2002). Cambodia in 2001: Toward democratic consolidation? <\/span>Asian Survey<\/span>, <\/span>42<\/span>(1), 100\u2013106. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1525\/as.2002.42.1.100<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  25. United Nations Development Program. (2010). <\/span>Youth civic participation in Cambodia: Knowledge, attitudes, practices, and media<\/span>. Phnom Penh Cambodia: BBC World Service Trust Research and Learning Group with support from UNDP. https:\/\/tile.loc.gov\/storage-services\/service\/gdc\/gdcovop\/2019353362\/2019353362.pdf<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  26. Verba, S., Schlozman, K. L., & Brady, H. E. (1995). <\/span>Voice and equality: Civic voluntarism in American politics<\/span>. Harvard University Press. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/j.ctv1pnc1k7<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  27. Vong, M. (2022). State mobilization in authoritarian regimes: Youth politics and regime legitimation in Cambodia. <\/span>Journal of East Asian Studies<\/span>, <\/span>22<\/span>(3), 411\u2013434. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/jea.2022.18<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  28. Vong, M., & Hok, K. (2018). Facebooking: Youth\u2019s everyday politics in Cambodia. <\/span>South East Asia Research<\/span>, <\/span>26<\/span>(3), 219\u2013234. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0967828X17754113<\/span><\/a><\/p><\/li>

  29. Worl Bank. (2021). <\/span>FY 2021 Cambodia: Country opinion survey report: Public opinion group<\/span>. World Bank Group.<\/span><\/p><\/li>

  30. Yin, C. (2021). <\/span>Khmer honorifics: Re-emergence and change after the Khmer Rouge<\/span> [Doctoral Dissertation, University of Michigan]<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    The intersection of social identity, normative influence, and political efficacy: A literature review of Cambodian youth in national elections Huot, Sovanna University of Delhi, New Delhi, India Abstract This conceptual review examines how social identity and normative influence intersect with political efficacy to shape Cambodian youth\u2019s engagement in national elections. Drawing from social psychology and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":14833,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14943","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14943","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14943"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14943\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14988,"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14943\/revisions\/14988"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14833"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14943"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}