{"id":2423,"date":"2023-07-27T06:24:57","date_gmt":"2023-07-27T05:24:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/?page_id=2423"},"modified":"2023-10-30T16:32:36","modified_gmt":"2023-10-30T16:32:36","slug":"pedagogical-skeptics-and-challenges-towards-the-application-of-drones-in-teaching-and-learning-sciences","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/edu-mania\/edumania-vol-1issue-2\/pedagogical-skeptics-and-challenges-towards-the-application-of-drones-in-teaching-and-learning-sciences\/","title":{"rendered":"Pedagogical Skeptics and Challenges towards the Application of Drones in  Teaching and Learning Sciences"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2423\" class=\"elementor elementor-2423\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-82161db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"82161db\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-49b8f8f\" data-id=\"49b8f8f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c055d7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c055d7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pedagogical Skeptics and Challenges towards the Application of Drones in \nTeaching and Learning Sciences\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b44561b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b44561b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.1pt; text-indent: -0.1pt; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 10pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.1pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Muraina, Ismail Olaniyi<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">1<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, Lameed, Soladoye Nurudeen<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">2<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, and Adesanya, Olayemi Muyideen<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">3<\/span><\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.1pt; text-indent: -0.1pt; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.1pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">1 &amp; 3<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Department of Computer Science, College of Information and Technology Education, Lagos State University of Education, Lagos Nigeria<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-left: -0.1pt; text-indent: -0.1pt; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.1pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.6em; vertical-align: super;\">2<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Department of Science and Technology Education, Faculty of Education, Lagos State University, Ojo Lagos Nigeria<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f71340 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f71340\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Abstract\n<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70eaf11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"70eaf11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drone application and implementation in various domains of work and life have transformed technology in numerous ways. Drone technology has greatly benefited various industries while also making the lives of various professionals easier in completing complex tasks in a short period. Studies proved that by introducing drones into classrooms, teachers would have a new means to make learning more fun, innovative, interactive, and collaborative for students. Drones can be applied in challenging subjects like sciences: Computer science, Biology, Physics, Chemistry, Geography, and others to clear off difficulties in some abstract concepts by giving real-world applications to the problems. However, some teachers are skeptical of the use of drones in science teaching and learning. The purpose of this paper is to investigate teachers&#8217; actions and reactions to the application and implementation of drone technology in the classroom. It goes on to explain how teachers&#8217; knowledge and professional development, students&#8217; attention being diverted to technology design and models rather than learning outcomes, a lack of adequate technical support, and fear of technological maintenance cost and sustainability all serve as barriers to proper drone implementation in the classroom. Using Google Forms, teachers (both pre-service and in-service) were asked how the aforementioned factors affect drone application. Given the time constraints for this study, a purposive sampling approach was used to recruit 60 respondents. The instrument&#8217;s contents were validated with the use of the &#8216;face validity&#8217; method. The 0.77 reliability index demonstrated that the instrument&#8217;s reliability strengths were accurately positive. The collected and compiled results were analyzed using graphical representations for better presentation and visualization. According to the findings, teachers&#8217; knowledge of emerging technologies and professional development needs to be improved to keep up with the trend and applications of various tools that can aid effective science teaching and learning. Similarly, proper guidance is required to prevent students from becoming distracted by the fashion and gleaming designs of drones. Similarly, the government should provide maximum support to schools through subsidies to ensure technology accessibility. The functionality, safety, and care of the drones should also be maintained by the school administration. It is then suggested that frequent training and re-training for both teaching and non-teaching staff be organized to ensure proper and continuous use of drones in classrooms.<\/span><\/p><p><b>Keywords<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pedagogy, Drones, Technology, Sciences, Teaching &amp; learning.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8118bd9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8118bd9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0b7563f\" data-id=\"0b7563f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed859da elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ed859da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Impact Statement<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-feaed76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"feaed76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Teens are increasingly interested in using drones as toys and learning aids in the classroom. Drones can enhance learning by providing exciting, inventive, and interactive experiences for children. They can develop motor skills, hand-eye coordination, coding, physics laws, intellectual and creative skills, and hands-on learning experiences. Drones can also provide real-world applications for mathematical problems and equations, making them valuable tools for students studying various subjects. However, proper drone implementation requires compliance with local laws and regulations, safety, and technical support. Teachers&#8217; knowledge and professional development, students focus on technology design, lack of technical support, and concerns about technological maintenance cost and sustainability all contribute to barriers to proper drone implementation in the classroom.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5be9d5e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5be9d5e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f08732a\" data-id=\"f08732a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a160815 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a160815\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Authors\u2019 Profile<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-103b7c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"103b7c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr Ismail Olaniyi MURAINA earned his BSc. Ed in Computer Science Education, MSc. Ed Computer Science Education, MSc. In Information Technology, and Ph.D. in Data Science in 2005, 2010, 2017, and 2022, respectively. He is currently working as a Lecturer in the Department of Computer Science at Lagos State University of Education, Lagos Nigeria since 2018. He is a member of TRC, STAN, TASET, IEEE, IACSIT, IAENG, ACM, ISDSA, MTTF, SEAN, ICERT, ISAC, and INSTICC since 2008 till date. He has published more than 90 research papers in reputed national and international journals. His main research work focuses on Data Science, Data Analytics, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology. He has 25 years of teaching experience and 15 years of research experience. (Orcid ID: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9633-6080\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9633-6080<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> )<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dr Soladoye Nurudeen LAMEED is a lecturer II in the Department of Science and Technology Education, Faculty of Education, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos. NCE Certificate in Education; B.Sc.Ed in Biology Education, M, Ed degree in Science Education and Doctor of Philosophy in Science Education with specialization in Biology Education. He has 18 publications in high-impact journals at local and international levels. He has attended conferences and workshops and is a member of the Science Teachers Association of Nigeria, the Curriculum Organization of Nigeria and the Teachers Registration Council of Nigeria. His research interest areas include pedagogy, gender, curriculum, STEM education, and Indigenous knowledge. (Orcid ID: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3944-5037\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3944-5037<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> )<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Olayemi Muyideen ADESANYA earned his B. Sc and M.Sc in Physical Science from Lagos State University, Lagos in 2003 and 2012 respectively. He also earned Professional Diploma in Education from AOCOED-TRCN in 2017. He is currently working as a lecturer in the Department of Computer Science at LASUED, Lagos since 2014. He is a member of the Science Teachers Association of Nigeria (TAN) since 2014, the Teacher Registration of Nigeria (TRCN) since 2017, Science Educators Association of Nigeria (SEAN) since 2021. He is a member and secretary of several research committees in AOCOED and LASUED. He has published in several national and international journals. His main research work focuses on emerging trends in computer and ICT. He has 10 years of teaching experience and 8 years of research experience (Orcid ID: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2861-3434\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2861-3434<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-49a5d0f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"49a5d0f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c444dd\" data-id=\"3c444dd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-087bb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"087bb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">References<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ff36f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ff36f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>1. Bolick, M.M.; Mikhailova, E.A. &amp; Post, C.J. (2022). Teaching Innovation in STEM Education Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Education Sciences. 2022, 12, 224. https:\/\/ doi.org\/10.3390\/educsci12030224<br \/>2. Carr, A. A., Jonassen, D. H., Litzinger, M. E., &amp; Marra, R. M. (1998). Good ideas to foment educational revolution: The role of systematic change in advancing situated learning, constructivism, and feminist pedagogy. Educational Technology, 38(1), 5-15. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4442844\u201d<br \/>3. Ferr\u00e1ndez-Pastor, F., Garc\u00eda-Chamizo, J., Nieto-Hidalgo, M., Mora-Pascual, J., &amp; MoraMart\u00ednez, J. (2016). Developing Ubiquitous Sensor Network Platform Using Internet of Things: Application in Precision Agriculture. Sensors, 16(8), 1141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s16071141<br \/>4. Finn, P. (2011). Domestic use of aerial drones by law enforcement is likely to prompt privacy debate. Washington Post, 22<br \/>5. Gillan, J. K., McClaran, M. P., Swetnam, T. L., &amp; Heilman, P. (2019). Estimating Forage Utilization with Drone-Based Photogrammetric Point Clouds. Rangeland Ecology &amp; Management, 72(4), 575\u2013585. https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rama.2019.02.009<br \/>6. Jemali, Noor Janatun Naim; Rahim, Aqilah Abdul; Rosly, Mohamad Radi Mohamed; Susanti, Siti; Daliman, Shaparas; Muhamamad, Marinah &amp; Abdul-Karim, Muhammad Firdaus (2022). Adopting drone technology in STEM education for rural communities; IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1064 (2022); doi:10.1088\/1755-1315\/1064\/1\/012017<br \/>7. Joyce, Karen E; Meiklejohn, Natalie &amp; Mead, Paul C.H. (2020). Using Minidrones to Teach Geospatial Technology Fundamentals; Drones 2020, 4, 0057; doi:10.3390\/drones4030057<br \/>8. Kuzma, Joanne; Robinson, Andrew; Dobson, Kate &amp; Law, Joanne (2018). Practical Pedagogy for Embedding Drone Technology into a Business and Computing Curriculum; Journal of Education and Human Development September 2018, 7(3);1-9 DOI: 10.15640\/jehd.v7n3a1<br \/>9. Lesi\u010dar, Jelena \u0106osi\u0107 &amp; Bo\u017ei\u0107, Dubravka (2021). Current Status of the Use of Drones in Education in Croatia; Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems 19(1), 160-167; DOI: 10.7906\/indecs.19.1.13<br \/>10. Moncada S\u00e1nchez, J. F., Espinosa G\u00f3mez, Y., &amp; Ferro Escobar, R. (2020). Drones and IoT in Support of Precision Agriculture. DRONES AND IOT IN SUPPORT OF PRECISION AGRICULTURE, 10(5), 73\u201380.<br \/>11. Ng, W. S., &amp; Cheng, G. (2019). Integrating drone technology in STEM education: A case study to assess teachers&#8217; readiness and training needs. Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 16, 61-70. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.28945\/4288<br \/>12. S\u00e1nchez, Javier Felipe Moncada; Hurtado, Orlando Garc\u00eda &amp; Chaves, Roberto Manuel Poveda (2021). Economic Drones in Education. Ilkogretim Online &#8211; Elementary Education Online; 20 (6): pp. 1291-1298, doi: 10.17051\/ilkonline.2021.06.134<br \/>13. Sattar, F., Tamatea, L., &amp; Nawaz, M. (2017). Droning the pedagogy: Prospect of teaching and learning. International Journal of Educational and Pedagogical Sciences, 11(6), 1632\u20131637.<br \/>14. Sattar, Farha; Tamatea, Laurence &amp; Nawaz, Muhammad (2017). Droning the Pedagogy: Future Prospect of Teaching and Learning; World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Educational and Pedagogical Sciences 11(6), 1622 \u2013 1627<br \/>15. Yaacoub, J.-P., &amp; Salman, O. (2020). Security Analysis of Drones Systems: Attacks, Limitations, and Recommendations. Internet of Things, 100218<br \/>16. Yepes, 1Igor; Barone, Dante Augusto Couto &amp; Porciuncula, Cleber Mateus Duarte (2022). Use of Drones as Pedagogical Technology in STEM Disciplines; Informatics in Education, 21(1), 201\u2013233, 2022; DOI: 10.15388\/infedu.2022.08.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-264b945 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"264b945\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3ee08c5\" data-id=\"3ee08c5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pedagogical Skeptics and Challenges towards the Application of Drones in Teaching and Learning Sciences Muraina, Ismail Olaniyi1, Lameed, Soladoye Nurudeen2, and Adesanya, Olayemi Muyideen3 1 &amp; 3Department of Computer Science, College of Information and Technology Education, Lagos State University of Education, Lagos Nigeria \u00a0 2Department of Science and Technology Education, Faculty of Education, Lagos State [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1656,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2423","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2423","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2423"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2423\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4374,"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2423\/revisions\/4374"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1656"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/icertpublication.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}