International Council for Education, Research and Training

Moral Reasoning And Human Psychology: Exploring The Cognitive, Behavioural, Personality, Emotions & Biological Underpinnings Of Ethical Choices

Bawa, Simmin1 and Sharma, Yash2

1Head of Department, Philosophy and Assistant Professor, Jai Hind College, Mumbai

2TYBA Student Philosophy-Psychology, Jai Hind College, Mumbai

Abstract

The complex interactions between cognitive functions, emotions, personality traits, sociocultural factors, neurobiology, and psychopathology provide the psychological foundation of moral judgments. This study attempts to explore the ways in which these many facets of the human psyche mould and impact moral judgments. Emotions like guilt and empathy influence moral decisions, but cognitive processes such as logic and intuition are also important for navigating moral quandaries. These mental processes assist individuals in weighing options, considering consequences, and arriving at ethically sound decisions, frequently guiding them when emotions alone may lead to impulsive or unreasonable conclusions. Conscientiousness and agreeableness are two important personality qualities that influence moral decisions. Conscientious people act with responsibility and honesty, frequently upholding moral standards. Agreeable people, motivated by empathy and collaboration, are more inclined to think about the well-being of others while making ethical decisions. Together, these characteristics assist to shape one’s ethical predispositions, encouraging prosocial and moral behaviour. Moral norms emerge within unique socio-cultural contexts, reflecting the values, beliefs, and traditions of a particular culture. These cultural factors alter what is considered right or wrong, resulting in varying moral judgments across various communities. Practices that are moral in one culture may be judged differently in another, illustrating the fluidity and relativity of ethical norms as they change to historical, religious, and sociological contexts. This variation highlights the complexities of morality around the globe. Neuroscience research has discovered distinct neural pathways and brain regions involved in moral cognition, providing insight into the biological foundation of moral judgments. Various parts of the brain, which are associated with emotional processing, play important roles. These findings indicate that moral decisions are not only philosophical or cultural, but also biological in nature, incorporating both cognitive and emotional brain activities. This research aims to provide light on the intricate structure of moral judgement and its implications for ethical theories by looking at these interconnected parts. Comprehending the psychological foundations of morality can enhance theoretical frameworks and offer valuable perspectives for enhancing moral education and promoting ethical conduct in diverse social contexts. In order to promote a more complex understanding of human morality, this thorough analysis aims to close the gap between psychological science and ethical philosophy.

Keywords: Moral Judgments, Emotions, Cognitive Processes, Personality Traits, Sociocultural Factors, Neurobiology, Ethical Predispositions, Neuroscience, Moral Cognition

Impact Statement

This research unveils the intricate psychological foundations of moral judgments, offering a profound exploration into the cognitive, emotional, biological, and socio-cultural forces that shape ethical decision-making. It demonstrates how emotions like guilt and empathy interplay with logical reasoning to navigate complex moral dilemmas and highlights the pivotal influence of personality traits such as conscientiousness and agreeableness in fostering ethical behavior. Delving into the neurobiological basis of morality, the study reveals how brain structures drive moral cognition, while cultural norms challenge universal ethical standards, underscoring the dynamic nature of morality across societies.By bridging psychology and philosophy, this research not only advances theoretical understanding but also paves the way for transformative applications—enhancing moral education, fostering ethical awareness, and refining clinical therapies for individuals with impaired moral reasoning. Ultimately, it advocates for an interdisciplinary, holistic approach to ethical development, championing a future where moral behavior is informed by deeper empathy, stronger cognitive insight, and enriched cultural understanding.

About The Author

Ms. Simmin Bawa is the Head of the Department of Philosophy at Jai Hind College. Prof. Bawa has made important contributions to the discipline due to her strong interest in applying ancient philosophical principles to current living. Her study involves a thorough examination of the Kamasutra, with an emphasis on the sensuous and sexual lives of individuals during the Grihastha ashrama, as well as the text’s insights about women’s financial independence. She has also written on Gandhian ideas in ethical entrepreneurship, which emphasize truth and nonviolence in corporate processes. Miss Bawa also explores the significance of meditation in education from a Krishnamurti standpoint, highlighting its effect on emotional well-being. Her multidisciplinary approach bridges the gap between ancient philosophy and current practical applications, encouraging overall well-being and ethical living.

Mr. Yash SharmaYash Sharma is a final-year undergraduate student at Jai Hind College, pursuing a part major in Philosophy and Psychology. Driven by an insatiable curiosity and a passion for exploring uncharted intellectual territories, Yash thrives on researching topics that challenge conventional thinking and foster innovative perspectives. With a creative mindset and a commitment to critical inquiry, Yash combines the analytical rigor of philosophy with the empirical depth of psychology to uncover nuanced insights into human behavior, morality, and cognition. This unique interdisciplinary approach reflects a dedication to achieving a deeper understanding of the complexities of the human mind and its ethical dimensions.

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