Comparative Study of the Effect of Mordants on Dyeing Cotton Fabric with Anacardium Occidentale’s (Cashew) Root Grown in Ankpa, Kogi, Nigeria

Abuh, Leonard Omachoko1

Abdulmalik Nefisat2

Onolu, Latifat Ojochona3

1,2,3, Department of Integrated Science, Kogi State College of Education, Ankpa.

Abstract

Pollution associated with synthetic dyes have caused several health hazards both to human and the environment. In order to curb this trend, especially from industrial effluents, a non – toxic, biodegradable and environmentally compatible dye from nature have to be sourced. In view of these, the root of anacardium occidentale was extracted of its dye and applied on fabrics alone and in the presence of mordants and also applied as colorant on food, cosmetics and alcoholic drinks. The root of anacardium occidantale collected was dried at room temperature and pulverized. 200g was weighed and extracted in 300mL absolute ethanol. Alum, K2Cr2O7 and FeSO4 were the fixatives used. Pre – mordanting, Post – mordanting and Simultaneous mordanting methods were adopted. Varied color hue was imparted on the fabrics and their fastness properties were tested. Alum mordant showed superiority to fastness in simultaneous mordanting in wash with mild soap and fastness to light. Pre – mordanted method showed K2Cr2O7 mordant to retain color in both wash in mild soap and fastness to light. FeSO4 mordant retained its color in simultaneous mordanting method across the fastness test displaying superiority over the rest mordant. An excellent color was imparted on food, cosmetic and alcoholic drink. They colors imparted on the substrates are distinct and promising and shows that the root of anacardium occidandale could be of significance in textile, printing and coloration industries.

Keywords: Anacardium occidentale, mordant, fabric and dyeing.

Impact Statement

The need to be innovative and explorative of our environment of natural resources is of great importance. This utilization can improve skill acquisition and create self – reliability. The bark of anacardium occidantale was utilized as dyestuff on substrates. Varied colours of importance were imparted on the substrates. The metal salts displayed their fixative strength on the fabric while the colour on the subtrates shows the coloration potential of the plant part. The fact that this plant is cheap, easily assessed, less toxic, biodegradable and environmentally compatible is of great importance to our community and the society at large. The colour imparted shows that the plant part could be of great value to textile, printing and colouration industries. This would not only impact the industries but the communities as youths will be engaged in sourcing thereby creating job for self – sustainability.   

About Author’s

Abuh Leonard Omachoko was born on the 27th Sept. 1972. he attended LGEA primary school Oguma, Bassa, Kogi State. He went to St Charles College, Ankpa. he obtained Nigeria Certificate in Education in Biology / Chemistry in 1994. In 1999 he obtained a Bachelor of Technology degree (B.Tech) in Industrial Chemistry from Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi. He furthered his education in Kogi State University, Anyigba where he graduated in 2017 with a Master’s degree (M. Sc) in Industrial Chemistry. Currently he is studying Industrial Chemistry at PhD in the Federal University of Lafia, Nassarawa, Nigeria. He is a seasoned educator and lectures currently in the Department of Integrated Science, Kogi State College of Education, Ankpa, Nigeria.

Orcid ID: 0000 – 0003 – 3017 – 1733

Abdulmalik Nefisat was born in Ojogobi, Ankpa, Kogi State Nigeria. She graduated from Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi (ATBU) and obtained a Bachelor degree in Chemistry Technology Education (B – Tech. Ed.) in 2021. In 2011 she obtained Nigeria Certificate in Education (NCE) in Biology / Chemistry. She attended demonstration primary and school, Ankpa. She is a professional teacher and lectures in the Chemistry department of Kogi State College of Eduacation, Ankpa..

Orcid ID. 009 – 0004 – 9896 – 4381

Onolu Latifat Ojochona was born in Dekina local government of Kogi State. she attended CMML Primary and Secondary school Anyigba. she furthered her educational career in Kogi State College of Education, Ankpa where she obtained Nigeria Certificate in Education (NCE) in Integrated science / Biology in 2019. she then proceeded to Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi (ATBU) where she just completed a Bachelor degree program in Biology Technology Education (B – Tech. Ed.). 

References

1. Benson, D., Tobias, D. S., Kim, P., Martyn, R., John, G., Ktlea, R., & Steven, D. M. (2022). Evaluating the potential of natural dyes from nutshell wastes: Sustainable coloration and functional finishing of wool fabrics. J. Sustainable Material & Technologies. Retrieved from https://doi.1010/j.susmat.2022.e00518

2. Christina, M. (2016). Artificial Colorants in Your Cosmetics – Why Synthetic Dyes Aren’t Worth It. Retrieved from http://www.christinamossnaturals.com

3. Edward, N. A., & Stothers, J. B. (n. y). dye. Definition, Uses, properties and types. Retrieved from wwwbrtannica.com….>chemistry

4. Geeetha, B., & Judia, S. (2023). Extraction of Natural Dyes from plants. International Journal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences. (IJCPS), 1(8), 502–509.

5. Key, C. (2016). Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural Dyes. Retrieved from http://www.keycolour.net.blog.advant

6. Lavovouura, A. (2012). Cashew – Based Natural Dye. Retrieved from https://www/alvoura.br>posts

7. Leonard, O. A., Salifu, V., & Samuel, A. S. (2022). Dyestuff utilization of the bark of Parkia biblobosa grown in Ankpa, Koogi, Nigeria. FUW Trend in Science and Technology [Journal], 7(2), 862–866.

8. Lutamyo, N., Liberato, V. H., & Quintino, A. M. (2022). Anacardic acid isolated from cashew nutshell liquid: A potential precursor for the synthesis of anthroquinon dyes. Clearer Chemical Engineering, 3. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.10/j.clce.2022.100056.

9. Milton, M. P. H., & Stokes, R. D. (2010). The Hidden Health Risks of Food Dyes. Retrieved from http://www.eatingwell.com

10. Morton, J. F. (1987). Cashew apple, Anacardium occidentale L. fruit of warm climate, Center for new crops and plant products, department of horticulture and landscape architecture. W. Lafayette university psurdue.

11. Otutu, J. O., Osabohien, E., & Efurhieve, E. M. (2010). Extraction of natural dyes for textile dyeing from the bye – Products of timber industry. Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 7(1), 87–92.

12. Padman, S. V. (2000). Chemistry of natural dyes (pp. 73–80). India: Kampur. Indian: Institute of Technology.

13. Rezuel, K., Tarikul, I., & Abdullaha, A. l. M. (2019). Effects of different mordanting agents on the fastness properties of cotton knitted fabrics with marigold extracted dyes. Journal of Textile Science and Engineering, 9(3), 1–4.

14. Siavash, C. (2012). Decolourisation of cashew leaves extract by activated carbon in TeaBag system for use in cosmetic. International Journal of Sciences. Retrieved from https://sssrn.comdelivery.cfm on 19/08/2023.

15. Sharma, B. K. (2011). Industrial chemistry. Indian: Goel Publishing House.

16. Tusharbala, S., & Nibedita, M. (2023). Colouring silk fabric wiyh cashew nut peel dye in combination with selected mordants, 15(2), 598–605.

17. Uma, C. (2019). The Importance of Natural Dyes. Retrieved from http://www.biofriendlyplant.com

18. Weight managemagement. (2020). Loss fat with cashew apple Fruith juice. Retrieved from https://www/nutritionbylouvneet.com>blog

19. Talabi, O. T., Emmanuel, A. T., Oluwakemi, A. T., Oluwole, R. A., Osilesi, O., Adebawo, O., & Talabi, J. M. (2023). Brewing health benefits: A comparative study of black, herbal, and green tea on rat physiology. Shodh Sari-An International Multidisciplinary Journal, 02(4), 28–48. doi:10.59231/SARI7622